Effect of heat stress on dairy farming at the period of global warming. The thermal environment is a major factor that can negatively affects milk production of dairy cows. Our objective was to provide a review of factors in uencing heat stress (HS) in lactating dairy cows in time of global warming. Heat stress affects dairy cows in many regions of the world and leads to substantial economic losses through its detrimental effect on cow's rumen health, metabolism, production and reproduction.

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... ry breeds are typically more sensitive to HS than some other animals. It directly affects feed intake thereby, reduces growth rate, milk yield, reproductive performance, and even death in extreme cases. In future years, climate change will exacerbate these losses by making the climate warmer. More research is needed to identify improved comprehensive cow-side measurements and welfare that can indicate real-time responses to elevated ambient temperatures and that could be incorporated into heat abatement management decisions. Forecasted the severity of HS issue as an increasing problem in near future because of global warming progression. Hence, sustainable dairy farming remains a vast challenge in these changing conditions globally.