Non-point source (NPS) pollution has been increasingly serious in China in last 30 years. In the pursuit of higher agricultural productivity to feed the growing population and intensive livestock production with the decreased farmland occupied by construction, China is the world's largest consumer of fertilizers. Taking Taihu River Basin as an example, on the average the annual amount of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer applied were 570-600 kg/hm 2 and 79.5-99 kg/hm 2 , respectively.

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... owever, the average utilization rate of fertilizer was only 30-35%. Excessive fertilizer input increases the background value of N and P in the soil, and increases the risk and loss of N and P to the