A fully-integrated 16-element 60-GHz phased-array receiver is implemented in IBM 0.12-m SiGe BiCMOS technology. The receiver employs RF-path phase-shifting and is designed for multi-Gb/s non-line of sight links in the 60-GHz ISM band (IEEE 802.15.3c and 802.11ad). Each RF front-end includes variable-gain LNAs and phase shifters with each front-end capable of 360 variable phase shift (11.25 phase resolution) from 57 GHz to 66 GHz with coarse/fine gain steps. A detailed analysis of the noise

more »

... -offs in the receiver array design is presented to motivate architectural choices. The hybrid active and passive signal-combining network in the receiver uses a differential cross-coupled Gysel power combiner that reduces combiner loss and area. Each array front-end has 6.8-dB noise figure (at 22 C) and the array has 10 dB to 58 dB programmable gain from single-input to output. Sixteen 60-GHz aperture-coupled patch-antennas and the RX IC are packaged together in multi-layer organic and LTCC packages. The packaged RX IC is capable of operating in all four IEEE 802.15.3c channels (58.32 to 64.8 GHz). Beam-forming and beam-steering measurements show good performance with 50-ns beam switching time. 5.3-Gb/s OFDM 16-QAM and 4.5 Gb/s SC 16-QAM links are demonstrated using the packaged RX ICs. Both line-of-sight links ( 7.8 m spacing) and non-line-of-sight links using reflections ( 9 m total path length) have been demonstrated with better than 18 dB EVM. The 16-element receiver consumes 1.8 W and occupies 37.7 mm of die area.