The mandibular fractures result in a solution of continuity of the bone of the mandible. Its etiology is controversial, either it is the aggressions or accidents of the public road that are the causes. The objective of this work is to determine the epidemiological and diagnostic aspects. Material and method: This is cross-sectional, retrospective, multicenter, non-exhaustive, non-representative study. Study based on the records of patients with a fracture of the mandible between 2008 and 2011

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... two hospital in Libreville, Gabon. Sources of information were service registers, patient records and X-ray images. Data collection was based on a fact sheet. Any patient with a mandibular fracture trait was retained and excluded any patient with no mandibular fractures. The following parameters were analyzed: sex, age, etiology, clinical and radiological signs. Results: 60 files retained. Fractures predominated in men. The mean age was 27, 35 ± 13.59 years. Accidents of the public road predominated at 45%. Oral limitation was found in 54% of cases. Panoramic dental was the most requested 57%. Discussion: Our findings reinforce the The accidents of the public road as the first cause. It was responsible for serious associated lesions. Attacks take a large proportion. Conclusion: The presence of an injured person with the limitation of the mouth opening should encourage a search for a mandibular fracture.