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Buddhism, Resistance, and Collaboration in Manchuria
2015
Journal of Global Buddhism
This essay attempts to characterize Tanxu's experiences in Manchuria and north China between 1920 and 1945, focusing especially on the war years. Tanxu's actions during this time have been seen, broadly, in three different ways. First, as examples of Chinese nationalism, or "cultural patriotism," and thus resistance to Japanese encroachment; second, as accommodation of, if not collaboration with, the Japanese; and third—what Tanxu himself proclaimed—as apolitical actions intended to promote
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