In order to identify the causes of the development of diseases of the blood system and hematopoietic apparatus in children at the early stages of their formation, the risk factors for the development of hematological abnormalities in children of 1378 children living in Russia were studied. For this, the results of anamnesis and laboratory diagnostic methods of research were used. The data of peripheral blood, iron metabolism, biochemical analysis and bone marrow hematopoiesis were taken into

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... ount. The results of the study made it possible to identify risk factors for the development of hematological abnormalities in children. It was determined that persistent hematological abnormalities in children can form against the background of congenital inferiority or intrauterine damage to the hematopoietic system, caused by the influence of unfavorable factors at the ante and postnatal stages of development, alimentary disorders, immaturity and failure of the immunohematological system. Hematological deviations arising in response to the action of endo - and exogenous factors can be considered as adaptive transformations of peripheral blood parameters, reflecting the general reaction of the hematopoietic system. Taking into account risk factors makes it possible to form children into risk groups for the occurrence of hematological syndromes in the early stages of development, to timely diagnose and treat them.