DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL NIL HALLUX VALGUS SCALE: RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY STUDY
Nilgün BEK
2016
Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica
Hallux valgus (HV) is a common condition, appearing as the inclination of the great toe (hallux) towards the second toe, starting from the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. Medial deviation of the first metatarsal and lateral deviation with internal rotation through the longitudinal axis of the big toe occur in HV. [1] [2] [3] [4] HV is quite common in all age groups, and depend-ing on the severity of the condition, it may adversely affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL) with
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... complaints, such as dissatisfaction with the appearance of the foot, difficulty in shoe selection, gait disturbance and thus limitation of daily activities, arch pathologies, nail disorders, and occurrence of bunions and calluses. [5] The most commonly used method and the gold standard Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a disease-specific multidimensional hallux valgus (HV) scale, as well as to establish the validity and reliability thereof. Methods: The 14-item Multidimensional Nil Hallux Valgus Scale was developed. The scale has a score range of 0-60, with higher score indicating increased HV symptoms, complaints, and functional disorder. Among the patients referred to our clinic with HV diagnosis based on anterior-posterior non-weight-bearing radiography of the affected foot, 129 feet of 66 patients (63 bilateral, 3 unilateral) were included in the study. In clinical evaluations of these HV patients, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal Interphalangeal Joints Scale (AOFAS-MTF-IF), Manchester Scale, and Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) were used to test the validity and reliability of the new scale. Results: From factor analyses, it was observed that the items clustered in 5 factors, which explained 73.2% of the variance. Floor and ceiling effects were observed to be within normal limits (floor effect: 3.1%; ceiling effect: 0.8%). The Cronbach' s alpha level related with the overall internal consistency of the scale was estimated as 83.3%, and the Cronbach' s alpha for the subheadings of the scale varied between 33.9% and 74.2%. High correlation was observed regarding test-retest reliability of the scale. Conclusion: This newly developed scale allows for the holistic evaluation of HV including the condition-specific parameters and is a valid and reliable scale that can be conveniently used by health care professionals.
doi:10.3944/aott.2015.16.0174
fatcat:y4wl56ojvbcybfeokoyhs7i5ti