As the treatment landscape for advanced melanoma continues to evolve, it is critical to focus on unmet needs and understand the cost of therapy. While Ipilimumab (IPI), an immunotherapy indicated for unresectable advanced melanoma, has been a mainstay of 1 st -line treatment, there was no standard of care following progression until recently. The objective of this study was to examine real-world treatment patterns and healthcare costs following IPI use in advanced melanoma patients prior to the

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... anti-PD-1 class approval. Adult stage III or IV melanoma patients treated with IPI were selected between April 1 , 2011, and September 30, 2013, from a large U.S. commercial and Medicare claims database. Patients were evaluated for therapy after IPI, with an index date set as the first systemic therapy after IPI. Per-Patient Per-Month (PPPM) healthcare costs while on active treatment were evaluated from index until treatment discontinuation, inpatient death, end of insurance enrollment, or September 30, 2013. Of 361 eligible patients, 111 (30.7%) initiated subsequent systemic therapy (mean age, 57 years; 64.9% male). The most common therapies, single-agent or combination, included vemurafenib (32.4%), paclitaxel (28.8%), temozolomide (20.7%), and carboplatin (17.1%). During a median follow-up of 130 days, mean [standard deviation] PPPM all-cause total healthcare costs were $20,383 [$18,988], of which $4800 (23.6%), $5899 (28.9%), and $9684 (47.5%) were related to melanoma drug costs, medical claims with a diagnosis of melanoma, and other (non-specified) utilization, respectively. When considering total care, the costs of U.S. patients with advanced melanoma post-IPI were substantial across all commonly used agents. E. Malangone-Monaco et al. 336