Research in science education evolved from the positivist paradigm in which scientific knowledge was considered to be immutable. This article investigates the use of inquiry-based science teaching as a pedagogical strategy to develop prospective science teachers' conceptual understanding of direct current electricity. It is proposed that Vygotsky's social constructivism and Dewey's pragmatism have common elements that may serve as a philosophical framework for inquiry-based science teaching. An

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... example of the transformative conjecture-driven teaching experiment as a design study in science education, is outlined. A retrospective analysis is provided to develop a learning environment that can contribute to better conceptual understanding of basic direct current electricity by prospective science teachers.