P2 Model-based neuro-fuzzy control of FiO 2 for intensive care mechanical ventilation HF Kwok, GH Mills, M Mahfouf, DA Linkens P3 Comparison of closed with open tracheal aspiration system A Sanver, A Topeli, Y Çetinkaya, S Kocagöz, S Ünal P4 A laboratory assessment of the learning and retention of skills required to use the Combitube and Laryngeal Mask Airway by non-anaesthetists C Coles, C Elding, M Mercer P5 Pediatric airway exchange catheter can be a lifesaving device for the adult patients

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... ho have risk factors for difficult tracheal reintubation L Dosemeci, F Gurpinar, M Yilmaz, A Ramazanoglu P6 Cricothyroidotomy for elective airway management in critically ill trauma patients SM Wanek, EB Gagnon, C Rehm, RJ Mullins P7 Comparison of two percutaneous tracheostomy techniques I . Ö Akinci, P Ozcan, S Tug v rul, N Çakar, F Esen, L Telci, K Akpir P8 Percutaneous tracheostomy in patients with ARDS on HFOV S Shah, M Read, P Morgan P9 The dilatational tracheotomy -minimally-invasive, bed-side, inexpensive -but safe? MG Baacke, I Roth, M Rothmund, L Gotzen P10 Combination stenting for central airway stenosis P11 Ulcerative laryngitis in children admitted to intensive care M Hatherill, Z Waggie, L Reynolds, A Argent P12 Bronchial asthma in intensive care department: the factors influencing on exacerbation severity TA Pertseva, KE Bogatskaya, KU Gashynova P13 Severe BOOP M Mer, R Taylor, GA Richards P14 Facial continuous positive airway pressure therapy for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a study of its efficacy in an emergency department setting within the UK C Read, P16 Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with blunt chest trauma and acute respiratory failure S Milanov, M Milanov P17 Helium-oxygen (He-O 2 ) enhances oxygenation and increases carbon dioxide clearance in mechanically ventilated patients JAS Ball, R Cusack, A Rhodes, RM Grounds P18 Optimal method of flow and volume monitoring in patients mechanically ventilated with helium-oxygen (He-O 2 ) mixtures JAS Ball, A Rhodes, RM Grounds P19 Lessons learned from airway pressure release ventilation LJ Kaplan, H Bailey P20 Patient controlled pressure support ventilation D Chiumello, P Taccone, L Civardi, E Calvi, M Mondino, N Bottino, P Caironi P21 Impact of weaning failure in the evolution of patients under mechanical ventilation A Bruhn, P22 Abstract withdrawn P23 Rapid reduction of oxygenation index by employment of a recruitment technique in patients with severe ARDS GA Richards, H White, M Hopley P24 The effects of recruitment maneuver on oxygenation in primary and secondary adult respiratory distress syndrome S Tug v rul, N Çakar, IÖ Akinci, P Ergin Özcan, M Tug v rul, F Esen, L Telci, K Akpir Contents Critical Care Vol 5 Suppl 1 Contents P25 Comparison of the P/V curve obtained by the supersyringe and the optoelectronic plethysmography D Chiumello, E Calvi, E Noe', L Civardi, E Carlesso, A Aliverti, R Dellacà P26 Assessment of static compliance and estimated lung recruitment as a tool for PEEP setting in ARDS patients P Dostal, V Cerny, R Parizkova P27 Positive end-expiratory pressure does not increase intraocular pressure in patients with intracranial pathology K Kokkinis, P Manolopoulou, J Katsimpris, S Gartaganis P28 Effects of lung recruitment and PEEP after CPB on pressure-absolute volume curves T Dyhr, A Larsson P29 The histopathological changes comparison in healthy rabbit lung ventilated with ZEEP, Sigh and PEEP Ç Yardimci, G Meyanci, H Öz, I Paksoy P30 The pattern of breathing and chest wall movements at different levels of pressure support and PEEP D Chiumello, P Pelosi, P Taccone, E Carlesso, A Aliverti, R Dellacà, L Gattinoni P31 Effect of prone position on pulmonary vascular permeability in acute respiratory distress syndrome D McAuley, S Giles, F Gao P32 Prospective study to evaluate the kind of prone position concerning nursing, pulmonary outcome and material and personnel resources TR Neubert, R Stiletto, L Gotzen P33 Effect of prone position on hepato-splanchnic hemodynamics in acute lung injury M Matejovic, R Rokyta, P Radermacher, A Krouzecky, V Sramek, I Novak P34 Alterations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in fulminant hepatic failure C Routsi, G Kostopanagiotou, B Smyrniotis, EI Kitsiouli, ME Lekka, G Nakos P35 Selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition improves responsiveness to inhaled nitric oxide in endotoxin-challenged rats U Zils, A Holzmann, MM Gebhardt, H Schmidt, E Martin P36 Partial liquid ventilation (PLV) vs conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) with high PEEP and moderate tidal volume (Vt) in acute lung injury in piglets G Zobel, S Rödl, B Urlesberger, I Knez, D Dacar P37 Acute versus subacute haemorrhagic shock evaluated in an isolated perfused rat lung model M Chalier, M Licker, M Jorge-Costa, J Hantson, DR Morel P38 The influence of enteral feeding on ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in trauma mechanically ventilated patients in ICU W Djazmati, ZA Memish, GA Oni, G Cunningham, Y Beyene, A Al Shimemeri P39 The effect of lactulose in prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) V Zvonicek, P Sevcik, M Votava, P Ondrovcik, S Zabranska, I Sas, R Kraus, V Sramek P40 Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with a haematological malignancy with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates S Shah, P Mehta, J Salmon, N Stallard P41 Hospital-acquired respiratory infection in patients admitted in ICU T Cardoso, LM Lopes, AH Carneiro P42 Risk factors for early-onset respiratory infection in a general intensive care unit (ICU) LM Lopes, T Cardoso, AH Carneiro P43 Failure of bacterial filters to reduce respiratory infection incidence L Lorente Ramos, J Málaga Gil, M Lecuona Fernández, C Revert Gironés, P Revuelta Rabasa, ML Mora Quintero P44 Risk factors for broncho-pulmonary nosocomial infection in medical intensive care unit S Nseir, C Dipompeo, T Onimus, S Beague, B Grandbastien, M Erb, F Saulnier, D Mathieu, A Durocher P45 Surveillance tracheal aspirate in ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) L Lampati, E Maggioni, C Dominoni, S Bufano, A Pesenti P46 Comparison between quantitative and qualitative culture of tracheal aspirates in the diagnosis of ventilator associated pneumonia FVC P50 Procalcitonin (PCT) versus IL-6 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of trauma victims with severe lung contusion M Baacke, L Gotzen, R Lefering, R Stiletto P51 Procalcitonin, a marker of systemic inflammation response to peritonitis which contribute to therapies strategy C Lepousé, G Mériau, J Delcourt, J Cousson, P Raclot, A Léon P52 Procalcitonin in autoimmune disease with sepsis U Leonhardt, M Werner, L Engelmann P53 A new approach of endotoxic testing by using a monoclonal antibody against endotoxin (WN1-222/5) and flow cytometry K-H Staubach, J Nolde, K Block, A Woltmann, H Brade P54 Increased concentrations of procollagen type III peptide in the evolution of septic phenomenon. An indicator of organ damage and fibrinogenesis? (Preliminary data results) A Mavrommatis, S Papanicolaou, E Kostadelou, I Andrianakis, M Ikonomou, E Zakynthinos, G Katsaris, S Zakynthinos P55 Endotoxemia induced MCP-1 expression in the intestinal muscularis causes leucocyte infiltration that mediates smooth muscle dysfunction A Türler, NT Schwarz, E Türler, BA Moore, JC Kalff, AJ Bauer P56 Neutrophil apoptosis, phagocytosis and oxidative metabolism in septic patients PS Martins, MA Dalboni, M Cendoroglo, S Blecher, EG Kallás, R Salomão P57 Immunological monitoring in ICU patients: immunomodulation for compromised host N Takeyama, S Miki, T Tanaka P58 Differential diagnosis of Th1/Th2-response by Tcell and monocyte function between sepsis and non-infectious SIRS via flowcytometry Y Imamura, T Yokoyama, E Hiyama, Y Takesue, T Sueda, S Zedler, E Faist P59 T-cell-subpopulations in septic patients U Leonhardt, U Wagner, M Werner, L Engelmann P60 Mechanical ventilation affects local and systemic TNF-α α and IL-10 in normal swine lung P Myrianthefs, E Boutzouka, A Papalois, K Venetsanou, M Kouloukousa, G Fildissis, C Kittas, G Baltopoulos P61 The effect of intratracheal and intravenous lidocaine in hydrochloric acid-induced acute lung injury in rabbits G Meyanci, F Çosan, H Öz P62 Heparin nebulization attenuates acute lung injury with sepsis after smoke inhalation in sheep K Murakami, J Katahira, R McGuire, R Cox, H Hawkins, D Herndon, L Traber, D Traber P63 Reduced release of superoxide from isolated human neutrophils in response to high extracellular glucose A Perner, SE Nielsen, J Rask-Madsen P64 Mobilization of leukocytes in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock is associated with increased apoptosis, as detected by Annexin V binding M Weiss, E Barth, G Fischer, M Elsharkawi, LL Moldawer, M Georgieff, EM Schneider P65 C5a receptor expression on leukocytes from patients with severe sepsis or septic shock M Furebring, L Håkansson, P Venge, A Siegbahn, B Nilsson, J Sjölin P66 Terminal complement complex in porcine septic shock with substantial capillary leak syndrome P74 Reactive haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a frequent finding in immunosuppressed patients with multiple organ failure G Auzinger, J Devlin, PG O'Callaghan, ND Heaton, GJ Mufti, JA Wendon P75 Dexamethasone effect on sFas/sFas ligand following cardiopulmonary bypass U Joashi, SM Tibby, A Mayer, A Durward, C Turner, IA Murdoch P76 Moderate hypothermia during cardiac surgery provides hepatic protection by modifying the balance between gene expression of TNFα α and IL10 P78 Earlier extubation using axillary temperature as the endpoint for rewarming following hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass MA Kai, MJ Herbertson, RS Gill P79 An effective aspiration method of purulent abdominal fluid for preventing abdominal sepsis Y Moriwaki, K Yoshida, YT Kosuge, K Uchida, T Yamamoto, M Sugiyama P80 Catheter-related infections (CRI) after guidewire exchange of subclavian catheters compared to CRI after direct placement of the catheter H Bardouniotou, M Vidali, F Tsidemiadou, H Trika-Grafakou, PhM Clouva-Molyvdas P81 Low dose pentoxifylline (PTX) reduces mortality in an animal model of acute hepatic and multi-organ failure TM Rahman, HJF Hodgson P82 Differences in iNOS inhibition in an animal model of acute hepatic and multi-organ failure TM Rahman, HJF Hodgson P83 Effects of a dual inhibitor of TNF-α α and IL-1 on lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in rats D Yoshinari, I Takeyoshi, Y Koibuchi, S Ohwada, T Yokoe, Y Iino, K Matsumoto, Y Morishita P84 Agreement between Multiple Organ Dysfunction (MOD) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels at baseline in septic patients: a post hoc analysis from the MONARCS trial J Marshall P85 Baseline characteristics of patients with and without hypercoaguable sepsis and the effect of afelimomab on mortality: a post hoc analysis from the MONARCS trial