This review provides an overview of the key aspects of designing ionophorebased optical sensors (IBOS). Exact response functions are developed and compared with a simplified, generalized equation. We also provide a brief introduction into less established but promising working principles, namely dynamic response and exhaustive exchange. Absorbance and fluorescence are the main optical readout strategies used in the evaluation of a sensor response, but they usually require a robust referencing

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... chnique for realworld applications. Established referencing schemes using IBOS as well as those from other optical sensors are also discussed. Finally, the power of recently developed photoresponsive ion extraction/release systems is outlined and discussed in view of dynamically switchable IBOS or regenerative exhaustive exchange IBOS. 483 Annual Rev. Anal. Chem. 2014.7:483-512. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by 207.241.225.139 on 05/07/20. For personal use only. Click here for quick links to Annual Reviews content online, including: • Other articles in this volume • Top cited articles • Top downloaded articles • Our comprehensive search Further ANNUAL REVIEWS IBOS: ionophore-based optical sensors 484 Mistlberger · Crespo · Bakker Annual Rev. Anal. Chem. 2014.7:483-512. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by 207.241.225.139 on 05/07/20. For personal use only. www.annualreviews.org • Ionophore-Based Optical Sensors 485 Annual Rev. Anal. Chem. 2014.7:483-512. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by 207.241.225.139 on 05/07/20. For personal use only. 3. Despite the long history of IBOS, new and exciting concepts and extensions to conventional techniques are regularly introduced into the field. For example, IBOS with photoactive compounds allow IBOS applications otherwise impossible with static IBOS components. DISCLOSURE STATEMENT The authors are not aware of any affiliations, memberships, funding, or financial holdings that might be perceived as affecting the objectivity of this review.