Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) in utero leads to failure of fetus to reach the genetically normal growth potential. Currently available means of treating FGR are limited. And it remains unknown how pregnant women who give birth to FGR fetus differ in gut microbiota composition from normal pregnant women.Methods: In this case-control study, fecal samples were obtained from maternal rectum in the operation room by obstetricians under strict aseptic conditions. We compared gut

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... a of 14 pregnant women with FGR and 18 normal controls by performing 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing.Results: We identified significant differences in β-diversity between the FGR and control groups (P < 0.05). At genus level, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium and Lachnospira were highly abundant in the FGR subjects, which are significantly enriched in KEGG pathways related to glycometabolism. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that the distinct composition of the gut microbiota between FGR and normal pregnant women could contribute to an improved understanding of the prevention and treatment of FGR.