There are many factors that determine the need for instrumentation and control elements in wastewater systems. These factors include the size of the facility, hours of manned operation, complexity of the process, reliability requirements and availability of instrumentation maintenance personne. As new and more sophisticated instrumentation is developed, waste-water characterization is likely to improve in the years to come. Typical process disturbances include process inputs and conditions such

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... as variable flow rates, chemical and biological composition, temperature and density. Instrumentation and automatic control allow continuous monitoring of process variables, rapid transfer of data to the operator or manager and immediate automatic execution of corrective measures when needed.