Various treatments have been considered as the cornerstone for the management of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) over the past two decades. Currently, immunotherapy is a promising clue in the landscape of frontline treatment of mRCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which constitute a standard therapy in pretreated mRCC patients, are emerging as possible earlier treatment's strategy in mRCC. Otherwise, antiangiogenetics are well established as a backbone therapy for

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... , and research is now focused on development of innovative tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).