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A Self-adaptive Hybrid Algorithm Based Bilevel Approach for Virtual Power Plant Bidding in Multiple Retail Markets
2020
IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
Virtual power plant (VPP) has become a promising technique to facilitate distributed energy resources (DERs) to participate in the power markets. Considering the respective interests of the VPP agent and distribution system operator (DSO), a bi-level optimisation model for VPP bidding in multiple retail markets (including active power, reactive power and spinning reserve market) as price-maker is formulated. In the upper layer, taking into account various DERs, the VPP agent aims to develop
doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1881
fatcat:6g7bk4u5zja7hcsp7jlwe7qrjy