Background: In this study, we focused on the role of overhydration (OH) and low serum prealbumin concentration in predicting 3-year peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.Methods: We measured serum prealbumin concentration and OH by body composition monitor on 278 CAPD patients (159 males and 119 females) with mean age of 46 years and the median peritoneal dialysis (PD) duration of 21 months. PD-related peritonitis was collected for 3 years. Results: After the

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... -year follow-up, 44 patients diagnosed PD-related peritonitis (15.8%). Low education, serum albumin, prealbumin, high CRP-hs and OH were independent risk factors for predicting peritonitis during 36 months in CAPD patients. Based on the ROC curve model and Kaplan–Meier analysis, we realized that patients with low prealbumin and high OH were the independent predictors of 3-year peritonitis in CAPD patients (Prealbumin: AUC = 0.838, cut-off value = 32.5 mg/dL, Se= 90.9%, Sp = 32.9%; OH: AUC = 0.851, cut-off value = 1.33 L, Se = 79.5%, Sp = 85.5%; and Log-rank test p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Overhydration and low serum prealbumin level were the independent predictors of PD-related peritonitis in CAPD patients.