Neuromodulating neural tissue instead of performing lesions is a current trend in neurosurgery. In the case of epilepsy, stimulation of the nervoussystem is under investigation, and the field is growing at a fast pace. The purpose of this article is to review the various targets that have been studiedin the search for a way to control refractory seizures. Consideration is made of why each target is chosen, patient selection, results, and adverseeffects. Cerebellar stimulation was the first

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... sed method; vagus nerve stimulation is currently the most widely used due to its easy technique,but the results on seizure reduction are modest. Other targets were chosen with the idea of interfering with seizure propagation—this is the casewith thalamic stimulation. Currently, studies are being performed stimulating the epileptic focus. Although there are still many controversiesregarding which is the best target and stimulating parameters, all authors agree that neuromodulation reduces seizures and has the advantage ofbeing reversible and safe.