We herein report five cases of ulcerative colitis-associated cancer/dysplasia. Although clinical remission had been achieved in all patients, mucosal inflammation had been resolved in only one patient. Thus, in order to prevent cancer from developing, appropriate medical therapy aiming not only to relieve the clinical symptoms, but also to suppress chronic inflammation appears to be necessary. Moreover, cancer occurred as early as 4 years after the diagnosis in one patient. In patients without

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... omplete resolution of mucosal inflammation, careful surveillance colonoscopy should be initiated in the early phase. Case 1 A 21-year-old man developed extensive, relapsingremitting ulcerative colitis at 15 years of age. He had been treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). In the early period after onset, it was difficult to maintain remission, and he was hospitalized twice for treatment. Because he was re-