OBJECTIVE: To report a case of asymptomatic cholelithiasis in a premature young infant, presenting literature review. METHODS: The authors describe a case of asymptomatic cholelithiasis, incidentally diagnosed during a routine ultrasonographic exam, with spontaneous resolution. Literature review has been done from Medline and Lilacs, with quotations from articles of the last 45 years. RESULTS: Premature patient 28 weeks old with a cholelithiasis diagnosis at 5 months, presenting the following

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... sk factors: prematurity, total parenteral nutrition, prolonged use of Furosemide and sepsis. The patient remained asymptomatic until the spontaneous resolution occurred. CONCLUSION: Cholelithiasis in childhood has been reported in the literature as a rare condition, usually associated with Hemolytic disease. The widespread use of ultrasonography has contributed to an increase in the diagnosis of neonates and young infants in this condition. This case report highlights the idea of possible spontaneous resolution in cases of asymptomatic cholelithiasis incidentally diagnosed.