AbstractNeointima hyperplasia is a crucial component of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. We have hypothesized that enhanced generation of platelet-derived thromboxane (TX)A2 in response to vascular damage plays a critical role in neointimal hyperplasia and that antiplatelet agents may mitigate it. In cocultures of human platelets and coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMC), we found that platelets induced morphologic changes and enhanced the migration of CASMC. The exposure of

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... s to Aspirin [an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1] reduced the generation of TXA2 and prevented the morphological and functional changes induced by platelets in CASMC. Platelet-derived TXA2 induced COX-2 and enhanced prostaglandin (PG)E2 biosynthesis in CASMC, a known mechanism promoting neointimal hyperplasia. COX-2 induction was prevented by different antiplatelet agents, i.e., Aspirin, the TP antagonist SQ29,548, or Revacept (a dimeric soluble GPVI-Fc fusion protein). The administration of the novel antiplatelet agent Revacept to C57BL/6 mice, beginning three days before femoral artery denudation, and continuing up to seven days after injury, prevented the increase of the systemic biosynthesis di TXA2 and reduced femoral artery intima-to-media area and the levels of markers of cell proliferation and macrophage infiltration. Revacept might serve as a therapeutic agent for percutaneous coronary angioplasty and stent implantation.