Reproducibility of energy intake, gastric emptying, blood glucose, plasma insulin and cholecystokinin responses in healthy young males

Nivasinee S. Nair, Ixchel M. Brennan, Tanya J. Little, Diana Gentilcore, Trygve Hausken, Karen L. Jones, Judith M. Wishart, Michael Horowitz, Christine Feinle-Bisset
2008 British Journal of Nutrition  
Gastric emptying, as well as intragastric meal distribution, and gastrointestinal hormones, including cholecystokinin (CCK), play an important role in appetite regulation. The evaluation of gastrointestinal factors regulating food intake is commonly performed in healthy, lean, young male participants. It has, however, been suggested that there is a marked interindividual variability in the effects of nutrient 'preloads' on energy intake in this group. Whether there is significant
more » ... variation in acute energy intake after a nutrient preload, and, if so, how this relates to day-to-day differences in gastric emptying and gastrointestinal hormone release, is unclear. The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the hypothesis that energy intake after a nutrient preload would be reproducible and associated with reproducible patterns of gastric emptying, intragastric distribution and gastrointestinal hormone release. Fifteen healthy men (age 25 (SEM 5) years) consumed a glucose preload (50 g glucose in 300 ml water; 815 kJ) on three occasions. Gastric emptying and intragastric meal distribution (using three-dimensional ultrasound), blood glucose, plasma insulin and CCK concentrations and appetite perceptions were evaluated over 90 min, and energy intake from a cold buffetstyle meal was then quantified. Energy intake was highly reproducible within individuals between visits (intraclass correlation coefficient, r i ¼ 0·9). Gastric emptying, intragastric meal distribution, blood glucose, plasma insulin and CCK concentrations and appetite perceptions did not differ between visits (r i . 0·7 for all). In healthy males, energy intake is highly reproducible, at least in the short term, and is associated with reproducible patterns of gastric emptying, glycaemia, insulinaemia and CCK release. Day-to-day energy intake: Gastric emptying: Cholecystokinin: Three-dimensional ultrasound † N. S. N. and I. M. B. are joint first authors having made equal contributions. * Corresponding author: Christine Feinle-Bisset, fax þ 61 8 8223 3870, email christine.feinle@adelaide.edu.au Abbreviations: AUC, areas under the curve; CCK, cholecystokinin; 3D, three-dimensional; VAS, visual analogue scale.
doi:10.1017/s0007114508042372 pmid:18680633 fatcat:owvfu6lclvdpfbyuijwxanykyy