In their Unifying Theories of Programming (UTP), Hoare & He use the alphabetised relational calculus to give denotational semantics to a wide variety of constructs taken from different programming paradigms. A key concept in their programme is the design: the familiar precondition-postcondition pair that describes the contract between a programmer and a client. We give a tutorial introduction to the theory of alphabetised relations, and its sub-theory of designs. We illustrate the ideas by

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... ing them to theories of imperative programming, including Hoare logic, weakest preconditions, and the refinement calculus.