an address before the health section, in which he pointed out the present position of sanitary science and the advances which it has made since, in 1842, he took an active part in awakening interest in public hygiene in England. From his own experience as a government official, and from the published records of various institutions, he gathered the satisfactory assurance that practical sanitation was not a delusion, but was capable of tangible and beneficent results. The saving in human life

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... ained as the fruit of applying intelligently the recognized principles of hygiene in infant asylums, in jails, and in the army and navy indicated, in his belief, what is possible for the entire race, and pointed to the " normas " of sanitation for the people at large. The following is his summary of conclusions, as deduced from experience and as showing what is attainable : -" (1.) That we have gained the power of reducing the sickness and death-rates in most old cities by at least one third ; or, as a rule, to 16 or 17 in 1000. " (2.) That in new districts, on sites apart from old urban sites, we may, with a complete arterial system of water-supply and surface cleansing, -including measures for the prevention of overcrowding, -insure a reduction of death-rates to less than one half, or to a mean rate of 10 in 1000, and the sickness in like proportion. " (3.) That in well-provided and well-regulated institutions for children from three to fifteen years of age we may secure them an immunity from the common children's epidemics and reduce the death-rates to the mean of about 3 in 1000, or to less than two thirds of the deathrates prevalent among children of those ages in the general population. " (4.) That in prisons and places under effective sanitary control, the death-rates (from disease) have been reduced among persons from the school ages and upward to about 3 in 1000, or to one third of the death-rates prevalent among the population of the same ages. " (5.) That to the persons in such institutions an immunity may be given as against all ordinary epidemics, typhus and the eruptive diseases, diarrhoea and dysentery, which ravage the general population. " (6.) That among the general population a reduction, by full one half, of the diseases of the respiratory organs may be effected by general public sanitation.