Location error resilient geographical routing for vehicular ad-hoc networks

Reena Kasana, Sushil Kumar, Omprakash Kaiwartya, Wei Yan, Yue Cao, Abdul Hanan Abdullah
2017 IET Intelligent Transport Systems  
The efficiency and scalability of geographical routing depend on the accuracy of location information of vehicles. Each vehicle determines its location using Global Positioning System (GPS) or other positioning systems. Related literature in geographical routing implicitly assumes accurate location information. However, this assumption is unrealistic considering the accuracy limitation of GPS and obstruction of signals by road side environments. The inaccurate location information results in
more » ... formance degradation of geographical routing protocols in vehicular environments. In this context, this paper proposes a location error resilient geographical routing (LER-GR) protocol. Rayleigh distribution based error calculation technique is utilized for assessing error in the location of neighbouring vehicles. Kalman filter based location prediction and correction technique is developed to predict the location of the neighbouring vehicles. The next forwarding vehicle (NFV) is selected based on the least error in location information. Simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of LER-GR in realistic environments, considering junction-based as well as real map-based road networks. The comparative performance evaluation attests the location error resilient capability of LER-GR in a vehicular environment. Introduction The recent advances in the area of computing, automaton, sensing, communication and networking technologies for vehicles are shifting the focus from traditional vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) to an emerging field called "Internet of vehicles" (IoV) [1], [2]. These advancements give rise to a wide range of value added services for users which includes infotainment, traffic management, vehicle safety, and location-based services. All these applications require efficient routing protocols for information dissemination. A geographic routing protocol uses location information of vehicles to transmit information. The efficiency and scalability of a geographic routing protocol depend on the accuracy and the availability of the location information of vehicles [3], [4]. The related literature assumes accurate location information from GPS receivers in geographic routing protocols [5]-[11]. Nevertheless, the assumption is unrealistic, particularly in vehicular environments. In many situations, the GPS receivers calculate wrong positions of the vehicles due to the loss of satellite signals resulting from signal reflections, blocking, and interference [12], [13]. A GPS receiver might also lose satellite signals on roads near multi-floor bridges, tunnels and flyovers [14], [15]. The inaccurate location results in performance degradation of geographic routing protocols [16]-[20]. Another concern is
doi:10.1049/iet-its.2016.0241 fatcat:p2tnrhm3mrdyrpyk6okr4y3tmu