Q̯ 10 Qῳ῞῍ ̳Q̯Q ῩῪ῝῝ῦQ̯QQQ ̯QQQ̯ῼ̳Ὸ̲ ̮ΏῤῧῚ̮῍ 1 ̰ΌΐῚῥ̯Qῶ̱ῪQ̯Q'Ῐ῝Ὶῌ QQQ̯Q ̮ῼ̳Ῐ῝ῦ̯̯QῘ῍ ̱ῪQ̯Q'Ῐ῝ῦ̯῞῍ ῖ̯ 10 Qῳ῞QQQ ̯Qῢῦ̱ῪQ̯QQ̯̳̮Ί῝ῦῖ῟̯̯ ῦῌ QQ΅Ῡ̱QῙῦQQ̮̳Q̯῾̯ΰῩ Q̲ ̯ΰῬῩQ̮῍ ̳ ̯̯̯̲ῷῲ ̮Q̮῝ῦῖ῟̮Ῠ̮ΊῚῌ QQ̯QQ̯῾̯ΰΎQΐῚῥ̯Qῶ̱ῪQῩῠῦ῟῍ ̲Q̱Ὺ ῐQQΰ̱ῡ῍ ̰΅Qῑ Ῡ ̮ῚQQ῟̲Q̯QQ̯ῳ῞῍ 95 Q̮ῤ 05 Q̯ 10 Qῳ῞῍ ̱Ὺ̯̮̮ ῦῷῲ̯̲̮Q̮̮̯Ί῝ῦῖ῟̮Ῠ̮ΊῚῌ ̯Ὶ῍ ̳ ̯̯̯ QῴῩῠῦ῟῍ ̲Q̱ῪῩ ̮ῚQQ῞῭´̯ Q̮̲̮̯Ί῝ῦῖ῟̮Ῠ̮ΊῚῌ ̳Q̯Ὶῢ̯Q ̱̮ῤ̲̳ ῟ Ῐ῝῍ ̲ Q῎̲QQ῞῭´̯ Q̮̲̮̯Ί῝Ὶῌ ̮῍̮῍̮῏ Ῠ̯Ῐ̯ΐ῎ῖΰΐ̯ῡῥ̯ῌ Ῑ̮ῦῌ ̯῎῟ ̮῍̮῍̮῏ Ῠ̯Ῐ̯ΐ῎ῖΰΐ̯ῡῥ̯ῌ Ῑ̮ῦῌ ̯῎῟ 2009, ῑῚ̮ῒΐ̮ῌ 21(1): 21ῌ29 2009, ῑῚ̮ῒΐ̮ῌ 21(1):

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... 1ῌ29 Abstract During the decade from 1995 to 2005, the annual household income of families with preschool children declined overall, while average monthly educational expenses rose. As income fell and educational expenses rose, educational expenses accounted for an increasingly greater percentage of total household income. Public anxiety over declining scholastic aptitude extended to parents of preschoolers, who increased expenditures for lessons and instructional services for their children. In a comparison of mothers with higher education (hereafter, junior college education or above) and high-school-graduate mothers, the di#erence in average educational expenses per child by educational background of the mother grew during the same decade. In terms of lesson type, among mothers with higher education, the percentage of children taking English lessons rose. In the high-income and higher-education bracket, where English lessons begin from early childhood as a way to prepare for the future, the percentage of preschoolers taking English lessons increased. : 21ῌ29 ῝ΐῗ̯̮ῒΊῢῖῠΐῧῩῌ῞̮ῑΐῤῚ̮̮῏ῐῑ ̮ῐ῍ῑ῏ῙΊ῞ῖ῏̮ῗ῎̮ῐ῍῏̮Ῐ ̮῝̮ ῗ῟ ̯ῥῖ῏ ̰̰̰̰ QQῪQῺ̱̳ Benesse Institute for the Child Sciences and Parenting, Jinbo-cho Mitsui Bldg., 1ῌ105 Kanda Jinbo-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101ῌ8685, Japan