We propose a joint source and channel coding (JSCC) technique for wireless image transmission that does not rely on explicit codes for either compression or error correction; instead, it directly maps the image pixel values to the complex-valued channel input symbols. We parameterize the encoder and decoder functions by two convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which are trained jointly, and can be considered as an autoencoder with a non-trainable layer in the middle that represents the noisy

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... mmunication channel. Our results show that the proposed deep JSCC scheme outperforms digital transmission concatenating JPEG or JPEG2000 compression with a capacity achieving channel code at low signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) and channel bandwidth values in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). More strikingly, deep JSCC does not suffer from the "cliff effect", and it provides a graceful performance degradation as the channel SNR varies with respect to the SNR value assumed during training. In the case of a slow Rayleigh fading channel, deep JSCC learns noise resilient coded representations and significantly outperforms separation-based digital communication at all SNR and channel bandwidth values. Index Terms-Joint source-channel coding, deep neural networks, image communications.