This report describes the research that was completed under project title -Advanced Power Batteries for Renewable Energy Applications 3.09, Award Number DE-EE0001112. The report details all tasks described in the Statement of Project Objectives (SOPO). The SOPO includes purchasing of test equipment, designing tooling, building cells and batteries, testing all variables and final evaluation of results. The SOPO is included in Appendix A. There were various types of tests performed during the

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... ect, such as; gas collection, float current monitoring, initial capacity, high rate partial state of charge (HRPSoC), hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC), high rate capacity, corrosion, software modeling and solar life cycle tests. The grant covered a period of two years starting Executive Summary The continued research in all aspects of lead-acid batteries is of value to the enhancement of many products such as automotive, motive power, telecommunications and especially renewable energy. Objective #1: Determine the best carbon based additive for optimal anode performance. Result: An acetylene black type of carbon performed optimally in the AGM and Gel type batteries. Objective #2: Determine the best lignin additive for optimal anode performance. Result: The high temperature and high molecular weight lignin out performed all others. 4 Objective #4: Optimize the current collector in 2-volt cells. Result: The 95 radial design and 125 power frame design out performed the standard design at one and eight minute rates. However, at a normal fifteen minute rate the standard design was superior. Grid designs are critical for high rate performance in lead-acid batteries. By creating new designs and testing them at high rates, we were able to determine the advantages and limitations of the new designs. The grids were manufactured using the standard production equipment and cells produced through the normal processes. This will allow battery manufacturers to proceed with improved products and limited capital costs. Renewable energy involving energy storage applications require batteries to produce and accept power at high rates. The testing has shown, when including the newly developed designed grids, where they have advantages for use and where they do not. Also, this project will help the development of large two volt batteries in motive power and telecommunications applications. The research from this project will help improve renewable energy systems in terms of capability and life. Energy storage systems will be enhanced, allowing quick response in applications such as wind power, solar sites, grid connections for frequency regulations, peak shifting or peak shaving, to name a few. Finally, the knowledge gained can be used in many other applications where lead-acid batteries are used today.