Angeles (UCLA) 2003 pilot survey instrument, College Students' Beliefs and Values, funded by the John Templeton Foundation, this study examined the relationship between fraternity affiliation, hegemonic masculinity, spirituality, religion, and other associated spiritual/religious factors. Significant differences were found regarding measures of spirituality and associated beliefs and values between fraternity-affiliated and non-affiliated participants, as well as respondents' relative levels of

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... hegemonic masculinity. Discussion and implications for practice offer consideration for practitioners and fraternity advisors with enhancing local chapter programming, creating new programs, or finding ways of reinforcing college fraternal organizations' core values, particularly as they address issues of spirituality and personal religious growth, and a healthy conception of manhood. Most college men are aware of the positive masculine traits they wish to exhibit (e.g., honor, loyalty, respect) but fall victim to acting-out their peers' perceptions of what it means to be a "man" (Harris, 2008) . College fraternities are often cited as organizations that foster hypermasculine behaviors (e.g., misogyny, excessive alcohol consumption, homophobia). Pressure from fellow members to live-up to a socially constructed definition of masculinity requires fraternity members to constantly be vigilant in proving their masculinity to their peers (Edwards