Purpose - The study has been conducted to examine the process of reconciliation and conflict resolution between neighboring states with deep-seated antagonism and to learn why in some cases enmity transformed into amity whereas in others efforts of conflict resolution and reconciliation suffered failure. Design/Methodology/Sample - In this study the authors have conducted a comparative analyze the reconciliation and conflict resolution between hereditary enemy states like France-Germany and

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... a-Pakistan. The authors have also examined the internal and external factors driving or hindering the reconciliation process or responsible for their success or failure. Findings - The study reviled a different result in both cases, where reconciliation between France and Germany was successfully materialized with regional integration and resolution of territorial disputes but the India Pakistan case suffered dead-log. The study highlighted the importance of international actors along with the political leadership in conflict resolution. It also emphasized on the involvement of religious leadership, civil societies and popular media to pursue reconciliation. Research Limitations/Implications - The authors concluded that the establishment of peace and reconciliation is inevitable without the contribution of religious leadership in cases where antagonism is fueled by religious sentiments. Deep-seated inter-state antagonism can only be eliminated by altering the mindset of the greater public.