City resilience has gained increased recognition due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation and thus the topic has become one of great research interest, with several research projects focusing on city resilience within the last few years. However, in order for the project results to have an impact, meaningful stakeholder involvement needs to be centered. Acknowledgement of this need has lead to the use of different approaches in research, such as the use of co-creation activities and

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... n, which aim to integrate city resilience stakeholders in the development processes of different tools and methods. This paper assesses the approaches of two city resilience-related research projects (Smart Mature Resilience or 'SMR,' and Climate Resilient Cities and Infrastructures or 'RESIN') and suggests an enhanced approach for combining co-creation and standardization – in a model called a Mutual Learning Framework – that is being used in an ongoing project called Advancing Resilience of Historic Areas Against Climate-related and Other Hazards, or 'ARCH.' The outcomes of this research will support the development of robust stakeholder engagement within city resilience, particularly in tool development and validation processes; ensured by a mix of co-creation and standardization methods.