Gene transfer on Betta imbellis through transfection method with different DNA concentration Big size betta (giant) have a high economic value compared to normal size betta, and over expression of growth hormone gene can produce a giant fish. As an initial step of giant transgenic betta production, this study was conducted to obtain DNA plasmid concentration which provides higher hatching and survival rates of betta larvae. This study used pCcBA-PhGH gene construct that containing growth

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... gene of Siamese catfish (PhGH) and it is controlled by the common carp b-actin (CcBA) promoter. Betta imbellis broodstocks were spawned naturally, and embryos were collected 1-2 minutes after spawning time. One hundred embryos were dipped in 2 mL of transfectan X-treme gene which contained the CcBA-PhGH expression vector (50 µg/mL), on room temperature for about 30 minutes. Treatments on this study were different transfectant : DNA plasmid ratios, namely: A (0.75 µL : 0.25 µL); B (0.75 µL : 0.50 µL); C (0.75 µL : 0.75 µL), D as control 1 (without transfectant, 0.25 µL DNA); E as control 2 (0.75 µL transfectant, without DNA), and F as control 3 (without transfectant and without DNA). Each treatment was repeated three times. Transfection embryos were hatched on a container (1 L volume). The results showed that hatching rate (HR) and larval survival rate (SR) (at 4 days after hatching) on treatment A were the same as the control, but slightly higher than B and C treatments. PCR analysis with DNA template showing that PhGH gene were found on embryos and larvae (pooled sample) of treatment A, B, and C. Furthermore, RT-PCR analysis showed the existence of PhGH mRNA expression on the pooled samples of embryos and larvae. Therefore, embryo transfection with the mixture of 0.75 µL transfectant and 0.25 µL gene expression vector can be used to generate betta transgenic. The ability of fast-growing transgenic African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) on predator avoidance Research Institute for Fish Breeding has produced transgenic African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) containing stripped catfish growth hormone gene (PccBA-PhGH) with growth 19.86% faster than that of non-transgenic fish. This fish has high potential to be released and utilized for fish farming sector to increase national production. However, there is not yet information about environmental risk of this fish. One of the major fitness traits determining potential environmental risk is predator avoidance. This study aimed to determine the predator avoidance ability of transgenic African catfish in an experimental laboratory condition. In this study, thirty five individuals each of transgenic and non-transgenic with body weight of about 0.1 ± 0.019 g were communally stocked in 60 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm aquarium with limited feeding frequency (ad libitum twice a day). One day after the fish were stocked, the predators were added to each aquarium. The non-transgenic and transgenic with body weight of 1.0 ± 0.024 g were stocked as predators as many as five individual in each aquarium. After approximately two weeks of predation, all remaining fish were collected for transgenic verification by PCR method. Genomic DNA was isolated from fin tissue of individually survivors. The results of this study showed that the transgenic fish had worse predator avoidance and lower cannibal than non-transgenic (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in growth performance between transgenic and non-transgenic African catfish (P>0.05) in limited food. The transgenic fish may have lower fitness than non-transgenic. ABSTRACT (12pt Bold) [Title: Please Type Title of Article in English in here and Bold formated] This is a new author guidelines and article template of Indonesian Aquaculture Journal since year 2016 publication. Article should be started by Title of Article followed by Authors Name and Affiliation Address and abstract. This abstract section should be typed in Italic font and font size of 12 pt and number of words of 250. Special for the abstract section, please use left margin of 4 cm, right margin of 3 cm, right margin of 3 cm and bottom margin of 3 cm. The single spacing should be used between lines in this article. If article is written in Indonesian, the abstract should be typed in Indonesian and English. The abstract should be typed as concise as possible and should be composed of: problem statement, method, scientific finding results, and short conclusion. The abstract should only be typed in one paragraph and one-column format.