By front-loading of the conventional vehicle testing to engine test bench or even further forward to off-line simulations, it is possible to assess a large variation of powertrain design parameters and testing manoeuvres in the early development stages. This entails a substantial cost reduction compared to physical vehicle testing, and hence an optimisation of the modern powertrain development process. This approach is often referred to as Road-to-Rig-to-Desktop (R2R2D). To demonstrate the

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... tial of this R2R2D methodology as a seamless development process, a crank-angle resolved real-time engine model for a turbocharged gasoline engine was built with the simulation tool GT-POWER ® . The model was validated with measurement data from an engine test bench and integrated into a vehicle co-simulation, which also includes a dual clutch transmission, the chassis, the environment and the automated driver. The most relevant functions of the engine and the transmission control systems were implemented in a SIMULINK ® -based software control unit. To verify the engine model in the transient vehicle simulation, two 900 s time windows from a 2 hours Real Driving Emission (RDE) test, representing urban and motorway conditions, are simulated using the developed co-simulation platform. The simulation results are compared with the respective vehicle measurement data. The fuel consumption deviation caused by the combustion engine model is within 5 %. The transient system behaviour and the dominant engine operation points could be predicted with a satisfying accuracy.