Objective: The aim of the present study is to assess the radiographic and immunohistochemical effect of strontium ranelate (SR) and metal substituted hydroxyapatite (MSHA) on the treatment of chronic periodontitis among diabetic rats Materials and Methods: The study involved ten adult male and female rice rats (1-month-old) weighting (250- 300g). After a 24-hour fast, a single intraperitoneal dose of freshly prepared alloxan was injected to induce diabetes. A month after the injection of

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... , the rats were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment modalities: SR with gengigel or MSHA with gengigel. Digital periapical radiography was taken at baseline, a month after the injection of alloxan to see resorbed alveolar bone and after 3months post-operative surgery for radiographic assessment. The diabetic rats were sacrificed using an overdose of anesthesia, and gingival tissue samples were collected. The specimens were processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining and immune stain for expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2). Results: Digital periapical radiography showed an increase of nearly 0.37 mm in the height of the alveolar bone in the side of the SR group while the other side in the MSHA group increased by nearly 0.12 mm. A statistically significant reduction in the expression of MMP2 in the SR group as compared to the MSHA group was found upon comparing the immunohistochemical results of the 2 groups. Conclusion: Radiographic and immunohistochemical results showed that SR was a promising material in the treatment of periodontal diseases.