In logic, the spatio-temporal location of a proposition is characterized precisely within a Cartesian system of space and time coordinates. This is suitable for characterizing the truth value of propositions relative to possible worlds, but not for modeling the spatio-temporal orientation of natural cognitive agents. 1 This paper presents an alternative approach to representing space and time. While on the same level of abstraction as the logical approach, it is designed for an analysis of

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... o-temporal inferences in humans. Such an analysis is important for modeling natural language communication because spatio-temporal information is constantly coded into language by the speaker and decoded by the hearer. Starting from the spatio-temporal characterization of direct observation in cognitive agents without language, the speaker's coding of spatio-temporal information into language is analyzed, followed by the hearer's reconstruction of this location. These procedures of transferring spatio-temporal information from the speaker to the hearer are embedded in the general structure of database semantics. Overview The communication of reading sequences between the two girls is based on (i) structurebased storage and retrieval, (ii) internal chaining, and (iii) landmark anchoring. These principles may be described as follows: 1.1 STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLES FOR SOLVING THE UPDATE TASK 1. Structure-based storage and retrieval is used in well-organized private libraries. The books in the shelves are ordered alphabetically according to the author's name.