Aerial images play a key role in remote sensing as they can provide high-quality surface object information for continuous communication services. With advances in UAV-aided data collection technologies, the volume of aerial images has been greatly promoted. To this end, semantic understandings for these images can significantly improve the quality of service for smart devices. Recently, the multilabel aerial image classification (MAIC) task has been widely researched in academics and applied

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... industries. However, existing MAIC methods suffer from suboptimal performance as objects are located in different sizes and scales. To address these issues, we propose a novel multigrained semantic grouping model for aerial image learning, named MSGM. First, image features presented by the backbone are sent to spatial pyramid convolutional layers which extract the instances in a parallel manner. Then, three grouping mechanisms are designed to integrate the instances from the pyramid framework. In addition, MSGM builds a concept graph to represent the label relationship. MSGM resorts to the graph convolutional network to learn the concept graph directly. We extensively evaluate MSGM on two benchmark aerial image datasets, the commonly used UCM dataset, and the high-resolution DFC15 dataset. Quantitative and qualitative results support the effectiveness of the proposed MSGM.