This study examines the relationships between shame, guilt, narcissism, and depression and the gender differences connected with these states. We hypothesize that shame would be a more powerful contributor to narcissism and depression than guilt and that women would score higher in shame, higher in depression, and lower in narcissism than men. The Adapted Shame/Guilt Scale, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, and the Self-Rating Depression Scale were administered to male and female

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... uates. The results show that shame plays an important role in both narcissism and depression, and that its role in depression is stronger than that of guilt. It was also concluded that men are more prone to narcissism and women to depression, and sex differences related to shame and guilt are linked to specific situations and self-images. Implications for treatment are also noted. Recently, there has been a resurgence of clinical and theoretical interest in the superego. One reason is the expansion of psychoanalytic interest into new territories where superego deficits are paramount (i.e., the preoedipal conditions). Kernberg (1984) , for example, stated that the two most important considerations in the treatability of borderline and narcissistic states is the quality of the patients' object relations and the relative integration of their superegos. Requests for reprints should be sent to