I extend the endogenous market structures approach to international trade theory and policy. When markets are characterized by strategic interactions and endogenous entry, opening up to trade decreases the price level, and increases concentration and the production of each firm, with a positive competition effect on welfare. With endogenous entry of foreign firms in the domestic market it is optimal to set a positive import tariff decreasing in the ratio between entry costs and market size.

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... endogenous entry of international firms in an integrated market, the optimal subsidy to domestic production is always positive and independent from the relative size of the domestic market. Implications for multinationals engaged in FDIs, indirect trade promotion and the lobbying are also analyzed.