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Shortfalls and Solutions for Meeting National and Global Conservation Area Targets

Stuart H.M. Butchart, Martin Clarke, Robert J. Smith, Rachel E. Sykes, Jörn P.W. Scharlemann, Mike Harfoot, Graeme M. Buchanan, Ariadne Angulo, Andrew Balmford, Bastian Bertzky, Thomas M. Brooks, Kent E. Carpenter (+28 others)
2015 Conservation Letters  

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Governments have committed to conserving ࣙ17% of terrestrial and ࣙ10% of marine environments globally, especially "areas of particular importance for biodiversity" through "ecologically representative" Protected Area (PA) systems or other "area-based conservation measures", while individual countries have committed to conserve 3-50% of their land area. We estimate that PAs currently cover 14.6% of terrestrial and 2.8% of marine extent, but 59-68% of ecoregions, 77-78% of important sites for
more » ... iversity, and 57% of 25,380 species have inadequate coverage. The existing 19.7 million km 2 terrestrial PA network needs only 3.3 million km 2 to be added to achieve 17% terrestrial coverage. However, it would require nearly doubling to achieve, costefficiently, coverage targets for all countries, ecoregions, important sites, and species. Poorer countries have the largest relative shortfalls. Such extensive and rapid expansion of formal PAs is unlikely to be achievable. Greater focus is therefore needed on alternative approaches, including community-and privately managed sites and other effective area-based conservation measures.
doi:10.1111/conl.12158 fatcat:ynvagi7sejhjtlesebrgrgloja
DOAJ
Citation

Stuart H.M. Butchart, Martin Clarke, Robert J. Smith, Rachel E. Sykes, Jörn P.W. Scharlemann, Mike Harfoot, Graeme M. Buchanan, Ariadne Angulo, Andrew Balmford, Bastian Bertzky, Thomas M. Brooks, Kent E. Carpenter, Mia T. Comeros-Raynal, John Cornell, G. Francesco Ficetola, Lincoln D.C. Fishpool, Richard A. Fuller, Jonas Geldmann, Heather Harwell, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Michael Hoffmann, Ackbar Joolia, Lucas Joppa, Naomi Kingston, Ian May, Amy Milam, Beth Polidoro, Gina Ralph, Nadia Richman, Carlo Rondinini, Daniel B. Segan, Benjamin Skolnik, Mark D. Spalding, Simon N. Stuart, Andy Symes, Joseph Taylor, Piero Visconti, James E.M. Watson, Louisa Wood, Neil D. Burgess. "Shortfalls and Solutions for Meeting National and Global Conservation Area Targets." Conservation Letters 8.5 (2015) 329-337