Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was successfully used as a capping reagent in an aqueous solution to prepare zinc oxide semiconductor nanoparticles (ZnONPs). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and UV-visible spectroscopy were used to determine the effects of PVP concentrations on the morphology, crystallinity, and spectroscopic properties of (ZnONPs). TEM results showed ZnONPs in various shapes (spherical, cubic, hexagonal) and sizes

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... 0 nm-70 nm). PVP concentrations had a significant effect on crystal sizes, full width at half maximum, and X-ray diffraction results of ZnONPs. As confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, a chemical group of C=O in PVP is electrostatically bound to ZnONPs. A UV-vis spectroscopy experiment was performed in the range of wavelengths (300 nm - 800nm), an energy gap study was conducted based on Tauc's relation, and an Urbach energy calculation was conducted. In addition to improving morphology and crystalline growth, PVP concentrations contributed to improvements in optical properties, which are beneficial for the practical application of ZnONPs.