The birth rate as one of the indicators of population reproduction is determined not only by biological but also socio-economic processes, living conditions and everyday life, in particular family traditions and other factors. For characteristics of the process of fertility total fertility rate, where total number of children born alive during the year appears for the phenomena and average population for the medium, are used. The last decade of the twentieth century and the first five years of

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... he XXI century are characterized by a significant decrease in the birth rate of the population of Russia in total and most of its constituent territories. Since 2005, the government of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of health have signed a number of decrees and orders aimed at solving health, social and economic problems, among which the improvement of medical care for women during pregnancy, mothers and babies, and healthcare modernization, the introduction of modern medical technologies. The article presents the results of multivariate analysis of fertility of the population, health indicators of newborns and early neonatal mortality in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2005-2013. The positive dynamics of the majority of the studied parameters are established that confirms the effectiveness of the implementation of health and social government programs aimed at improving the reproduction of the population, preserving and promoting the health of newborns, a further reduction in neonatal mortality determining the level of infant and neonatal mortality.