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On properly embedding planes in $3$-manifolds
1976
Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
In this paper we prove an analog of the loop theorem for a certain class of noncompact 3-manifolds. In particular, we show that the existence of a "nontrivial" proper map of a plane into a 3-manifold implies the existence of a nontrivial proper embedding of a plane into a 3-manifold. Introduction. In this paper we prove an analog of the loop theorem for a certain class of noncompact 3-manifolds. More precisely we show that the existence of a "nontrivial" proper map of a plane into a noncompact
doi:10.1090/s0002-9939-1976-0397735-2
fatcat:ib6qxn6lkrcpbfdwxqmxakl2gm