In the article the political and legal ideas of anarchism are stated, which aimed at the liberation from all the forms of political, economic and spiritual power, the objection of the state as a form of social organization and its authoritative influence; it is emphasized on the equality before the law, collectivism, and creating free associations-federations. Anarchism, anarchy, free associations, federations, collectivism. The urgency of the topic is conditioned by the anarchical ideas, which

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... experience its revival presently, so it should be explored the real (practical) possibilities of the theory of anarchism, as the discussion in the scientific community is going on not around postulates of the anarchism's theory, namely around the practical application of this theory. The objective of this article is consisted in a detailed research of the anarchical political and legal doctrines of the thinkers of ХІХ-ХХ c., to follow how ideas of anarchism as an alternatives of statist form of the society development were developing, and determine whether these views were incarnated in life. The anarchist model of the social transformation is based on trying to find an alternative of the state form of social organization. It rejects the state, the power, because they are the institutions of the coercion, which trying to neutralize the individual personality's will and impose the obligated implementation of public will. Traditionally, there are four guidelines in anarchism-individualist (M. Stirner), mutualism (P. Proudhon), collectivist (M. Bakunin) and communist (P. Kropotkin). This