Titanium alloys (Ti6A14V) are biomaterials of choice in dentistry, due totheir resistance to the biological constraints of the environment. Their use still causes in a number of cases, problems of osseointegrationthat urge us to raise again the question of the interface of titanium alloys withmineralized tissues in particular. The purpose of this study isfirst to evaluate the biocompatibility of these implants in the biological medium while offering alternative proposals for improving the

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... ntegration of these implants. Two studies were first conducted for this evaluation: in vitro study on human fibroblast cell cultures and bacterial colonization in the presence of four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemolytic streptococcus) with and without implants , in vivo study on Wistar wistarrats (n = 35) which consists in the implantation of the biomaterial at the gingival sulcus and the renal capsule ; procurement of target organs of the cytotoxicity (sulcus, kidney and liver) and their morphological study withan optical microscope. Our results showed that the implants of titanium alloy (Ti6A14V) indeed disrupt the cellular structure of the organs studied compared to controls. The proliferation of bacterial strains studied was substantially similar in culture plates with and without implants. The proliferation of human fibroblasts in cell culture showed no significant change between the implants pits and the control pits. We concluded that the implants of titanium alloy (Ti6A14V) were biocompatible in vitro but cause some problems in vivo. This could explain the negative impact of these implants on osseointegration. The surface of implantscouldbe a limiting factorfor the biocompatibility and the osseointegration of titanium alloys (Ti6A14V). We have then showed,with a similar histopathological study, that the coating of the implants of titanium