Survival in neonatal medicine has shown a steady improvement in recent years and, consequently, outcome measures in clinical trials have increasingly focused on quantifying neurodevelopmental impairment. However, whilst survival rates are improving, mortality is still significant in neonates requiring intensive care. This raises the question of how to account for deaths in clinical trials where neurodevelopmental impairment is the primary focus. This review details some of the approaches that

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... ve been used in studies and outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the options available.