There is emerging evidence that gray matter (GM) is reduced in patients with schizophrenia. Information on the extent of global differences in the 3 principal supertentorial compartments is necessary for interpretation of regional effects. The relation of GM reduction to clinical status and neurocognition also requires examination. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging, neurocognitive measures, and clinical assessment of symptoms and functioning were obtained for 130 patients (51 neuroleptic

more »

... , 79 previously treated) and 130 healthy controls (75 men, 55 women in each group). Results: Overall GM volume was reduced in patients compared with controls. This was evident in men (6% reduction) and women (2% reduction) and was already evident at the first presentation of neuroleptic-naive patients. The reduction sustained correction for age and total intracranial volume. Compartmental volumes did not