Taking serious consideration of the engagement of non-animals in human-society often transforms our understanding of human society. Here we offer insights that come from considering the role of non-human animals in the production of human well-being. Drawing on Braverman's critique of the deskilling of labor, we examine the effects of the drive for efficiency in capitalist production on both humans and non-human animals. Non-human animals provide well-being through their role in ecosystem

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... es, as companions, as objects used as both raw materials and as processors of raw materials, and as labor. The drive for efficiency impacts all four of these roles, especially by reducing the agency of non-human animals. Our analysis suggests several lines for future research, and re-enforces the idea that taking non-human animals seriously can substantially hone thinking in human ecology.