In this paper, we describe both propositional and narrative frameworks to design and evaluate IPER programs. While a propositional framework provides a way to report on outcomes and is of interest to funders, a narrative framework provides insight into the lives of students and how a program fits into their life story. We have found that listening to students and understanding their lives provides insight into how to design a program that keeps students engaged, growing, and returning to the

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... gram year after year. Understanding the student narrative is essential and precedes the design of effective STEM programs.