Imaging Genetics and Genomics in Psychiatry: A Critical Review of Progress and Potential

Ryan Bogdan, Betty Jo Salmeron, Caitlin E. Carey, Arpana Agrawal, Vince D. Calhoun, Hugh Garavan, Ahmad R. Hariri, Andreas Heinz, Matthew N. Hill, Andrew Holmes, Ned H. Kalin, David Goldman
2017 Biological Psychiatry  
Imaging genetics and genomics research has begun to provide insight into the molecular and genetic architecture of neural phenotypes and the neural mechanisms through which genetic risk for psychopathology may emerge. As it approaches its third decade, imaging genetics is confronted by many challenges including the proliferation of studies using small sample sizes and diverse designs, limited replication, problems with harmonization of neural phenotypes for metaanalysis, unclear mechanisms, and
more » ... evidence that effect sizes may be more modest than originally posited, with increasing evidence of polygenicity. These concerns have encouraged the field to grow in many new directions including the development of consortia and large scale data collection projects as well as the use of novel methods (e.g., polygenic approaches, machine learning), which enhance the quality of imaging genetic studies, but also introduce new challenges. Here, we critically review progress in imaging genetics and offer suggestions and highlight potential pitfalls of novel approaches. Ultimately, the strength of imaging genetics and genomics lies in its translational and integrative potential with other research approaches (e.g., non-human animal models, psychiatric genetics, pharmacologic challenge) to elucidate brainbased pathways that give rise to the vast individual differences in behavior as well as risk for psychopathology.
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.030 pmid:28283186 pmcid:PMC5505787 fatcat:adzk5qklcvhifkcvwdckqqs6wa