This paper proposes a CMOS bandgap reference (BGR) circuit, which can successfully operate with sub-1-V supply. In the conventional BGR circuit, the output voltage V ref V ref V ref is the sum of the built-in voltage of the diode V f V f V f and the thermal voltage V T V T V T of kT=q kT=q kT=q multiplied by a constant. Therefore, V ref V ref V ref is about 1.25 V, which limits a low supply-voltage operation below 1 V. Conversely, in the proposed BGR circuit, V ref V ref V ref has been

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... from the sum of two currents; one is proportional to V f V f V f and the other is proportional to V T V T V T . An experimental BGR circuit, which is simply composed of a CMOS op-amp, diodes, and resistors, has been fabricated in a conventional 0.4-m flash memory process. Measured V ref V ref V ref is 518 6 15 mV (3 ) for 23 samples on the same wafer at 27-125 C.