This paper presents a checklist of the vascular plants from remnants of 'restinga' vegetation of Rio Capivara Environmental Protected Area, in the municipality of Camaçari, Bahia State, Brazil. The survey was based on randomly sampling fertile individuals over the study area from 2004 to 2006, as well as on collections deposited in the herbaria ALCB, HUEFS, and HRB. The list presents a total of 358 species belonging to 343 genera and 94 families. The richest families in number of species were

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... baceae (48 species), Rubiaceae (24), Cyperaceae (23), Asteraceae (16), Poaceae (15), Melastomataceae (11), Myrtaceae (11), Orchidaceae (11), and Euphorbiaceae (10). The current fragmentation and several anthropogenic impacts verified mainly in the restinga forest remnants can be responsible for the low species richness in comparison with other studies in similar vegetation. Our results reinforce an urgent need for conservation of the flora of the Rio Capivara APA.